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Теорія політичного К. Шмітта відображає зміну перспективи в розгляді сутності феномену політики, наголошує необхідність її пошуку в термінах самої політики. Модель «друг – ворог» об'єднує два фундаментальних аспекти політики, боротьбу та управління. Аналізується неоднозначний характер наукового спадку К. Шмітта та пропонуються варіанти розв'язання суперечливих моментів у теорії політичного. ; Теория политического К. Шмитта отражает изменение перспективы в рассмотрении сущности феномена политики, подчеркивает необходимость ее поиска в терминах самой политики. Модель «друг-враг» соединяет два фундаментальных аспекта политики, борьбу и управление. Анализируется неоднозначный характер научного наследия К. Шмитта и представляются варианты решения спорных моментов в теории политического. ; Carl Schmitt was the first theoretician to problematize and conceptualize the political, turning attention to the inner sense and intrinsic meaning of the political sphere. His intention was to understand politics in terms of politics itself, but not based on the economy, morality, or religion. C. Schmitt is well-known as an anti-liberal and anti-enlightenment theoretician, and as a prominent supporter of National Socialism. His theoretical works, containing provocative ideas on the cutting edge of notions as war, struggle, or friend and foe, are only contributing to the ambiguity. Despite all this, his popularity is continuing to rise. Therefore, the main point of the article is to reveal the causes and constituents of Schmitt's significance for political science, to explain the heuristic potential of his theoretical heritage.Accomplishment of such a goal is impossible without resolving some of the most disputed points of Schmitt's conceptions, such as: which is the correlation between political and state; is politics an autonomous sphere of human life; which part is dominating in the model "friend-foe"; and is war an integral part of politics. It is crucial to understand Schmitt's theory as political existentialism.C. Schmitt's turn in political thought that diverts attention to the political from the perspective of the political, enabled the formulation of a model that unites the aspects of dominion and struggle in politics and as consequence explains many political phenomena (like state, sovereignty, war, citizenship etc).Schmitt's theory has a strong heuristic potential that was shown, e. g., by Chantal Mouffe who analyzed with its help the tension between liberalism and democracy. This article will help Ukrainian scholars either to better understand the political thought of Carl Schmitt or to acquire a new perspective of analyzing the political sphere

The Republic of Belarus has a well-developed pig breeding industry. The main goal in pig breeding in Belarus is to obtain, in a short time, competitive breeds, types and hybrids of pigs adapted to the conditions of industrial pork production and not inferior to analogues of the world breeding. Currently, in the pig industry, effective variants of interbreeding hybridization are widely introduced, and mating of specialized maternal breeds (BLW × BM) and (Y × L) with boars of specialized paternal breeds (D, P). Piglets obtained during interbreeding hybridization have a heterosis effect in feeding and meat traits 9-11 % higher compared with purebred parents. In connection with the need to increase the efficiency of domestic pig breeding, scientists at the Research and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Livestock Breeding have developed a new effective system for raising and breeding pigs, based on obtaining competitive parental forms of sows (F1) and paternal forms of boars for hybridization. It is shown that structural transformations in the pedigree and industrial pig breeding of the Republic of Belarus in 2020-2025 and for the period until 2030 will be aimed at further improvement and increase of performance and breeding traits of pigs based on the latest methods of genetics and selection, as well as at construction and commissioning of nuclei farms for maternal and paternal breeds with a total capacity of 3400 breeding sows, as well as 5-6 sow breeding farms with total capacity of 22100 sows. Commissioning of new high-tech capacities will allow to increase the production of high-quality pork within 5 years to 500 thousand tons, or 15.0-18.0 % higher compared to the current level.

Obtaining highly productive farm animals in dairy cattle breeding using the latest biotechnological techniques and methods in order to extend their maximum productive life is the most important world problem. This paper sets out the priority tasks for the country's livestock farms to develop and implement new biotechnology and genetic engineering methods in order to identify the marker genes responsible for the longevity of highly productive cows. Materials on the study of the genetic potential of animals with due consideration of the following economically useful traits are presented – growth intensity, milk productivity, reproductive performance, productive longevity and disease resistance. It has been proven that this can only be achieved through targeted selection and the creation of a breeding base. It has been established that the study of allelic polymorphism of cattle longevity marker genes is a relevant area in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. At the present stage, more and more attention is being paid to the study of polymorphism of DNA markers of production traits of farm animals. Using them as methods for a more objective assessment of breeding values of animals can accelerate and stabilize the management of selection processes. In the paper, special attention is paid to genetic evaluation and selection methods for longevity, which have been reviewed in the scientific literature of the last decade.

Currently, development of molecular genetics and biology allows for genomic analysis and selection directly at the DNA level (marker-dependent selection). The aim of the research was to develop model genetic profiles for marker genes of quantitative traits of productivity of pigs of planned maternal breeds used in pig breeding. Such breeds in the Republic of Belarus are as follows: Belarusian large white, Belarusian black and white and Yorkshire. The studies were carried out at the agricultural branch of Zadneprovsky SGC, Orshansky Plant of Bread Products, JSC, Zarechye SGC, Zapadny SGC with populations of purebred animals of Belarusian Large White, Belarusian Black and White and Belarusian plant type of Yorkshire pigs during 2002-2018. Genetic testing was carried out with sows, boars and finishing pigs of maternal breeds. As a starting material, tissue samples from the auricle of pigs were used with DNA isolated and optimized for the analysis of gene polymorphism using PCR - RFLP method in the laboratories of molecular biotechnology and DNA testing (Research and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Animal Breeding) and animal genetics (Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus). As a result of studies based on the established polymorphism, model genetic profiles of maternal breeds of pigs were developed for marker genes of quantitative traits of productivity. The maximum achieved level of the preferred genotype for each marker gene among the three maternal breeds served as a model profile for the evaluated breeds (breeding young animals). For breeds with an established high level of marker gene polymorphism and productivity, a model profile has been developed that exceeds the achieved indicator by 8-10 p.p.